Spanish Words of Russian History

1. Bloque del Este -- Eastern Bloc.
2. bolchevique -- Bolshevik.
3. comunismo -- communism.
4. comunista -- communist.
5. cosaco -- cossack.
6. El Telón de Acero -- Castilian term for "Iron Curtain".
7. Eslavos -- Slavs.
8. estalinismo -- Stalinism.
9. hoz y martillo -- hammer and sickle.
10. Imperio del Mal -- literally, "Empire of Evil"; U.S. President Ronald Reagan's term for "the Soviet Union."
11. Imperio Malvado -- literally, "Evil Empire"; U.S. President Ronald Reagan's term for "the Soviet Union."
12. La Cortina de Hierro -- Latin American term for "Iron Curtain".
13. La Guerra Fría -- The Cold War.
14. La Gran Purga -- The Great Purge.
15. Marxismo -- Marxism.
16. Pueblo Potemkin -- Potemkin village.
17. purga -- purge.
18. República Popular -- People's Republic.
19. Unión Soviética -- Soviet Union.
20. zar -- czar.

Siglos

1. siglo -- century.
2. siglo de cobre -- age of copper.
3. siglo de la ilustración -- Age of Enlightenment (18th century).
4. siglo de las luces -- Age of Enlightenment (18th century).
5. siglo de oro -- golden age.
6. siglo de plata -- silver age.
7. siglo dorado -- golden age.
8. siglos oscuros -- dark ages.

Spanish Words of Spanish History

1. afrancesados -- Spanish lovers of French culture; also used to describe Spanish supporters of the French Occupation of Spain.
2. Armada Invencible -- Invincible Armada; Spanish Armada.
3. Babieca -- El Cid's horse.
4. bichos raros -- name given to the Generation of '98.
5. bucanero -- buccaneer.
6. caballero andante -- knight errant; wandering knight.
7. castillo -- castle.
8. conversa -- female converso.
9. converso -- literally, convert; Jewish or Muslim convert to Christianity.
10. El Desastre -- literally, "The Disaster"; Spanish name for the loss of Cuba in 1898.
11. El Manco de Lepanto -- literally, "the one-handed man of Lepanto"; nickname of Miguel Cervantes.
12. generación del '98 -- literally, "generation of '98"; a group of writers and philosophers active in Spain during the Spanish-American War of 1898 who were known for their criticism of the Spanish literary and educational establishments.
13. hereje -- heretic.
14. Imperio Español -- Spanish Empire.
15. imperio global -- global empire.
16. infiel -- unbeliever; infidel.
17. Jimena -- El Cid's wife
18. La Ilustración -- The Enlightenment (historical period).
19. La Inquisición Española -- The Spanish Inquisition.
20. la movida -- literally, "the commotion"; a post-Franco backlash in Spain.
21. leyenda negra -- literally, black legend; the claim that Spain and the Spaniards were depicted as uniquely bloodthirsty, cruel, greedy and licentious, in excess of reality.
22. leyenda rosa -- literally, pink legend or white legend; the claim which promoted an ideal view of Spaniards.
23. limpieza de sangre -- purity of blood.
24. Los Reyes Católicos -- literally, The Catholic Monarchs; King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile.
25. mestizaje -- miscegenation.
26. morisco -- Muslim who converted to Christianity after the Spanish reconquest.
27. moro -- Moor; North African.
28. mozárabe -- Christian who remained in Muslim territory during the Muslim occupation of Spain.
29. mudéjar -- Muslim who remained in the territory of Spanish Christians without converting to Christianity.
30. pagano -- pagan.
31. peregrino -- pilgrim.
32. pinturas negras -- literally, black paintings; Goya's most morbid portraits.
33. pirata -- pirate.
34. reconquista -- literally, reconquest; normally a historical term referring to the reconquest of Muslim-occupied Spain by Catholic armies.
35. romero -- pilgrim.
36. siglo de oro -- golden age.
37. siglo dorado -- golden age.

Spanish Historical Terms

1. apóstata -- apostate.
2. bárbaro -- barbarian.
3. bucanero -- buccaneer.
4. caballero andante -- knight errant; wandering knight.
5. castillo -- castle.
6. choque cultural -- culture shock; culture clash.
7. ciudadela -- citadel.
8. combate cultural -- culture struggle; Kulturkampf.
9. contracultura -- counterculture.
10. crisol de razas -- melting pot.
11. espacio vital -- living space; Lebensraum.
12. hereje -- heretic.
13. ignorante -- ignorant; ignoramus; term used by Californios in the 19th century to refer to a member of the Know-Nothing Party.
14. imperio -- empire.
15. imperio global -- global empire.
16. infiel -- unbeliever; infidel.
17. leyenda negra -- literally, black legend; the claim that Spain and the Spaniards were depicted as uniquely bloodthirsty, cruel, greedy and licentious, in excess of reality.
18. leyenda rosa -- literally, pink legend or white legend; the claim which promoted an ideal view of Spaniards.
19. mestizaje -- miscegenation.
20. pagano -- pagan.
21. peregrino -- pilgrim.
22. pionero -- pioneer; explorer.
23. pirata -- pirate.
24. raza superior -- master race.
25. siglo -- century.
26. siglo de las luces -- Age of Enlightenment (18th century).
27. siglo de oro -- golden age.
28. siglo de plata -- silver age.
29. siglo dorado -- golden age.