Spanish Historical Terms

1. apóstata -- apostate.
2. bárbaro -- barbarian.
3. bucanero -- buccaneer.
4. caballero andante -- knight errant; wandering knight.
5. castillo -- castle.
6. choque cultural -- culture shock; culture clash.
7. ciudadela -- citadel.
8. combate cultural -- culture struggle; Kulturkampf.
9. contracultura -- counterculture.
10. crisol de razas -- melting pot.
11. espacio vital -- living space; Lebensraum.
12. hereje -- heretic.
13. ignorante -- ignorant; ignoramus; term used by Californios in the 19th century to refer to a member of the Know-Nothing Party.
14. imperio -- empire.
15. imperio global -- global empire.
16. infiel -- unbeliever; infidel.
17. leyenda negra -- literally, black legend; the claim that Spain and the Spaniards were depicted as uniquely bloodthirsty, cruel, greedy and licentious, in excess of reality.
18. leyenda rosa -- literally, pink legend or white legend; the claim which promoted an ideal view of Spaniards.
19. mestizaje -- miscegenation.
20. pagano -- pagan.
21. peregrino -- pilgrim.
22. pionero -- pioneer; explorer.
23. pirata -- pirate.
24. raza superior -- master race.
25. siglo -- century.
26. siglo de las luces -- Age of Enlightenment (18th century).
27. siglo de oro -- golden age.
28. siglo de plata -- silver age.
29. siglo dorado -- golden age.